The hard, plastic filter core is a meticulously engineered system of tiny air chambers and tunnels. I designed these chambers to act as Helmholtz resonators (air cavities that vibrate at a specific pitch).
You can think of a Helmholtz resonator like blowing across the top of a soda bottle - it produces a specific tone based on the bottle's volume. In my research, I created multiple, highly specific micro-chambers within the filter. These chambers introduce subtle, targeted resonance (vibration) at certain frequencies to counteract the natural muffling caused by the main silicone eartip. They essentially provide the small boost needed at high-muffled frequencies to "flatten" the entire attenuation curve (the graph of how much sound is blocked).
2. Controlling the Volume with Acoustic Resistance
The small tunnels sound has to travel through are the second critical component. These tunnels create a lot of acoustic resistance (friction for the sound waves), which is the primary mechanism for reducing the overall volume of the earplugs
As sound waves are forced through these narrow, high-resistance channels, some of the sound's acoustic energy (power) is lost - it dissipates as heat. This process is called damping (absorbing energy). By precisely controlling the width, length, and materials of these tunnels, I can set the exact level of uniform attenuation (e.g., exactly 18 dB of sound reduction) that is applied evenly across the entire audible spectrum.